Pdf development and validation of the smartphone addiction. If you tell others about your decision to break your smartphone addiction and ask for their help, youre more likely to succeed. The smartphone addiction inventory spai was developed to assess smartphone addiction in taiwanese university students. It was supported by previous studies that found individuals with smartphone addiction problems tend to have depression problems 1719. Pearson correlation analysis were used to associations between parameters. Although the spai was developed in a taiwanese adolescent sample, this measure has not been validated on chinese youngsters in other. The conceptual model on smart phone addiction among. Also we use the beck depression inventory bdi to determine the psychological distress. Smartphone addiction scale short version sassv is adapted to spanish and french. The share of americans that own smartphones is now 81%, up from just 35% in pew research centers first survey of smartphone ownership conducted in 2011. Smartphone addiction and nonaddiction groups were defined using sas score of 42 as a cutoff. Short version of the smartphone addiction scale adapted to.
Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in. The relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms. Psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis the smartphone addiction inventory spai. Smartphone addiction is considered a form of technological addiction that has attracted increasing attention. It includes 26 items scored using a 4point likert scale, where 1 represents strongly disagree, 2 represents slightly disagree, 3 represents somewhat agree, and 4. The psychometric properties of the smartphone application. The implications of each sis subscale are discussed. The smartphone addiction inventory spai is specifically designed on the basis of the chen internet addiction scale cias with its wellorganized fivefactor structure. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people. Take the following quiz to find out whether you may. Insights from longterm telemetric behavioral measures and how those manifested in realworld usage patterns. Development of shorta form and screening cutoff point of the. Longer duration of smartphone use on a typical day, a shorter time period until.
If you are concerned about your smartphone use, you may wish to consult with a mental health addiction professional with expertise in internet and technology addiction processbehavioral addictions. Smartphone addiction can be defined as a state of being locked up to smartphone and its facility davis, 2012. Older age, playing of smartphone games, smartphone media applications, poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety were associated with smartphone addiction in males. Smartphone addiction scale sassv into spanish and into french. Continued the smartphone, through its small size, ease of use, proliferation of free or cheap apps, and constant connectivity, changes our relationship with computers in a. Translation, adaptation and validation of the tool in spanish adult population. Sep 07, 2015 a recent study surveyed almost 1,000 students in south korea, where 72% of children own a smartphone by the age of 11 or 12 and spend on average 5. The aim of the study was to i examine the scales psychometric properties in both languages, ii estimate the prevalence of potential excessive smartphone use among spanish and belgian adults, and iii compare the addictive symptomatology measured. There has been a growing concern of excessive smartphone use that interferes with peoples daily functioning, most notably among youngsters. Have you struggled to cut back the amount of time you spend on the web. A total of 283 participants were recruited from dec. Smartphone addiction could be changing your brain cnn. In this study, we investigated the relationship of internet addiction, smartphone addiction, and the risk of hikikomori, severe social withdrawal, in japanese young. It has been alleged that social pathologies are beginning to surface in cyberspace i.
Frontiers psychometric properties and factor structures. Proceedings of the 20 acm international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing. While few studies examined the independent predictive effect of depression and anxiety on smartphone addiction in college students, they fell short of controlling, at the same time, for multiple sociodemographic, academic, lifestyle, personality traits, religious practice, and. Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. There is a considerable debate on addiction and abuse to smartphone among adolescents and its consequent impact on their health.
Smartphone addiction can encompass a variety of impulsecontrol problems, including. The reliability and validity of the smartphone addiction inventory spai was. Smartphone compulsion test the center for internet and. Responses to the smartphone addiction scale short version 10items were rated on a 6point likert scale, and their percentage mean score pms was commuted. Development and validation of the smartphone addiction inventory spai. Although the spai was developed in a taiwanese adolescent sample, this measure has not been validated on chinese. The smartphone addiction inventory spai was constructed to assess this type of information technology addiction. Weve all seen the couples sitting together in a restaurant. Structural and functional correlates of smartphone addiction.
Frontiers internet addiction, smartphone addiction, and. Sf and established cutoff point for screening smartphone addiction based on diagnostic criteria established by psychiatric interview. The reliability and validity of the smartphone addiction inventory spai was demonstrated. Such an understanding can be helpful for assessing the severity of. Observing flow in the everyday life preethi srinivas, phd candidate and anthony faiola, associate professor. If you score is on the higher side it would be reasonable to examine whether your use or overuse is creating any problems in worklife balance. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the spai in italian university students. As the number of internet users increases, problems related to internet overuse are becoming more and more serious. This study examined the reliability and verified the construct validity of the.
The conceptual model on smart phone addiction among early. Smartphone addiction inventory spai computers in human. You know the feelingthe phone buzzes and you cant help but grab your phone to find out whats happening. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school.
Internet addiction is defined as an impulse control disorder, characterized by pathological internet use goldberg, 1996. A large body of work reports on the ways in which these instruments predict struggles for users. Another aim was to identify the most frequently used smartphone applications and their perceived importance by the participants. Could you be addicted to connecting to the internet with your pc or smart phone. Another aim was to identify the most frequently used smartphone applications and their perceived importance by the. Internet or smartphone addiction can be compared to other forms of behavioral addiction, such as addiction to gambling. Univariate analysis of factors associated with smartphone addiction between genders. It includes 26 items scored using a 4point likert scale, where 1 represents strongly disagree, 2 represents slightly disagree, 3 represents somewhat agree. A new study from iowa state university has identified some of the central aspects of nomophobia thats no mobile phone phobia with a handy new 20question survey measuring iphone codependence. Burnout, perceived stress, sleep quality, and smartphone use. Methods a total of 283 participants were recruited from dec. Smartphone addiction is considered to be rooted in internet addiction due to the similarity of the symptoms and negative effects on users.
Welcome to the buzz center on addictions online conversation about addiction and substance use. The spai is a selfadministered inventory created by lin et al. Objective the aim of this study was to develop a selfadministered scale based on the special features of smartphone. Frontiers psychometric properties and factor structures of. This study used a crosssectional study design and an anonymous, electronic questionnaire service to administer the maslach burnout inventory, the perceived stress scale4, the pittsburgh sleep quality index, and the smartphone addiction scale short version. Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university. The bergen social media addiction scale can tell you. Fri0756hpr evaluation of musculoskeletal complaints.
The relationship between addiction to smartphone usage and. Divya rani singh abstract mobile phone usage is so strongly integrated into young peoples behavior that symptoms of behavioral addiction, such as cell phone usage interrupting their day today activities. Jun 04, 2014 the smartphone addiction inventory spai is specifically designed on the basis of the chen internet addiction scale cias with its wellorganized fivefactor structure. Impact of mobile phone addiction on adolescents life. These include leungs chinese mobile phone addiction scale 30 derived. Smartphone addiction among university undergraduates.
The sis broadens the view of humansmartphone interaction by extending the concept of problematic smartphone use to further dimensions e. Smartphone addiction withdrawal is physical, mental. Recently, the term smartphone addiction spa has been introduced to describe smartphonerelated addictive behavior and associated physical and psychosocial impairment. Moreover, the complexity of smartphone addiction is reflected, among other things, by the levels at which it has been studied and the methods by which it has been investigated. But new research shows that your smartphone addiction is no jokebecause not having your phone handy when you want it can raise. Subjects were asked to complete a selfreported questionnaire, including measures of the korean smartphone addiction scale sas, beck depression inventory bdi, beck anxiety inventory bai, and connerswells adolescent selfreport scale cass.
The smartphone addiction inventory spai is a valid and reliable mean to identify and measure smartphone addiction and so, the aim of this research is the translation and adaptation of spai to spanish, as well as the analysis of its psychometric properties in a spanish adult population of 2,958 adults, at the university of valencia. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young. Studies testing the factorial structure of smartphone assessment instruments e. The vast majority of americans 96% now own a cellphone of some kind.
Jul 18, 2017 the goal of the study was to validate the english version of the smartphone applicationbased addiction scale sabas. As mentioned, to identify the average differences between groups regarding the smartphone addiction proneness of young children, we used independent variables according to the statistic traits of the parents and the childrens smartphone usage. Table 2 presents the univariate analyses of potential factors related to smartphone addiction. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate demographic and healthrelated predictors of smartphone addiction. To date, there is very little empirical evidence that computing activities i. For example, turel and colleagues document the ways in which email addiction. Psychometric properties and factor structures of chinese. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. The smartphone addiction inventory spai is a selfadministrated questionnaire with items scored based on a fourpoint likert scale from 1 strongly disagree to 4. Even apple investors are worried about smartphone addiction. Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone.
It includes 26 items scored using a 4point likert scale, where 1 represents strongly disagree, 2 represents slightly disagree, 3 represents somewhat agree, and 4 represents strongly agree. Smartphone addiction is a real thing, whether because of social media, gaming, or some other reason. Nsights from ong erm elemetric ehavioral easures exploring. Smartphone addiction level were determined with smartphone addiction scale sas. The goal of the study was to validate the english version of the smartphone applicationbased addiction scale sabas. Smartphone addiction drives people to check their smartphone frequently and compulsively, no matter what situations for example meetings, walking or even during eating davis, 2012.
The smartphone addiction inventory spai is a valid and reliable mean to. Even apple investors are worried about smartphone addiction two of apples largest investors called on the tech giant to take smartphone addiction more seriously. Information about the openaccess article depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students a cross sectional study. Responses to becks depression inventory 20items were summated range 060. The psychometric properties of the smartphone applicationbased addiction scale sabas. Demographics of mobile device ownership and adoption in. Students cell phone addiction and their opinions by tessa jones 75. Smartphone addiction could be categorized as a behavioral addiction, such as internet.
You might joke that youre addicted to your cellphoneif youre like us, you feel naked without it. Adolescents and youth may be particularly attracted to and preoccupied with various online activities. Development and validation of the smartphone addiction inventory. This study examined the reliability and verified the construct validity of the newestablished smartphone addiction inventory.
Surveys show cell phone addiction is on the rise and a new study adds to a growing body of evidence that smartphone and internet addiction is harming our minds literally. Internet addiction quiz selfassessment kids, teens, and gaming disorder. May 18, 2015 smartphone addiction is no joke, and now theres a scientific way to measure it. Development and validation of the smartphone addiction. Find out if you are using your smartphone in a compulsive manner with our scientific quiz that. Schaub1 1swiss research institute for public health and addiction at zurich university, zurich, switzerland 2division of nursing science, college of natural sciences, the university of suwon, suwon, south korea. Addiction to social networking, dating apps, texting, and messaging can extend to the point where virtual, online friends become more important than reallife relationships.
Remarkably, there was a tendency to use a nonpathological terminology, such as problematic smartphone use, rather than the term smartphone addiction 6. The present study developed and validated the short. The reliability and validity of the smartphone addiction inventory spai. Most studies on smartphone addiction seem to focus either on the amount of time allocated for use by.
Smartphone addiction is no joke, and now theres a scientific way to measure it. Inform your friends and family about your decision, and ask them to check in with you once a week. If you are concerned about your smartphone use, you may wish to consult with a mental healthaddiction professional with expertise in internet and technology addiction processbehavioral addictions. Problematic smartphone use also known as smartphone overuse, smartphone addiction, mobile phone overuse, or cell phone dependency, is proposed by some researchers to be a form of psychological or behavioral dependence on cell phones, closely related to other forms of digital media overuse such as social media addiction or internet addiction disorder. Jan 11, 2018 even apple investors are worried about smartphone addiction two of apples largest investors called on the tech giant to take smartphone addiction more seriously.
Addiction test iat 76, the smartphone addiction scale sas 46, the smartphone addiction inventory spai 56, and the facebook addiction scale 5. Influence of smartphone addiction proneness of young children. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in switzerland severin haug1, raquel paz castro1, min kwon2, andreas filler3,4, tobias kowatsch3,5 and michael p. This trend is accompanied by increased concerns regarding potentially adverse effects of excessive smartphone use, particularly with respect to physical and mental health. The conceptual model on smart phone addiction among early childhood cheol park and ye rang park international journal of social science and humanity, vol. We may joke about our smartphone addiction, but what.
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